A universal nonlinear model for the dynamic behaviour of shock absorbers

Modern hydraulic shock absorbers display a wealth of nonlinear effects such as hysteresis and instabilities at high flow rates. Despite their wide application in practically all vehicles, both on- off-road, universal analytical model that captures the essential absorber dynamics compressibility for various common damper architectures is lacking. This paper presents derives its system equations from first principles dampers monotube- piggyback-type. By applying to typical suspension configuration, relevant variables, pressure drop, shim stack deflection, damping force, are computed. Nonlinear oscillations loops, which might prove dangerous during operation, can be predicted effortlessly. The results achieved with mathematical validated agree well test bench measurements. Furthermore, presented approach shown easily modifiable describe physical processes within other geometries use today.